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Osteogenesis imperfecta type 10(OI10)

MedGen UID:
462561
Concept ID:
C3151211
Disease or Syndrome
Synonyms: OI, TYPE X; OI10; Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type X; SERPINH1-Related Osteogenesis Imperfecta
 
Gene (location): SERPINH1 (11q13.5)
 
Monarch Initiative: MONDO:0013459
OMIM®: 613848

Definition

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) comprises a group of connective tissue disorders characterized by bone fragility and low bone mass. The disorder is clinically and genetically heterogeneous. OI type X is an autosomal recessive form characterized by multiple bone deformities and fractures, generalized osteopenia, dentinogenesis imperfecta, and blue sclera (Christiansen et al., 2010). [from OMIM]

Additional description

From MedlinePlus Genetics
Other types of osteogenesis imperfecta are more severe, causing frequent bone fractures that are present at birth and result from little or no trauma. Additional features of these types can include blue sclerae of the eyes, short stature, curvature of the spine (scoliosis), joint deformities (contractures), hearing loss, respiratory problems, and a disorder of tooth development called dentinogenesis imperfecta. Mobility can be reduced in affected individuals, and some may use a walker or wheelchair. The most severe forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, particularly type II, can include an abnormally small, fragile rib cage and underdeveloped lungs. Infants with these abnormalities may have life-threatening problems with breathing and can die shortly after birth.

Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a group of genetic disorders that mainly affect the bones. The term "osteogenesis imperfecta" means imperfect bone formation. People with this condition have bones that break (fracture) easily, often from mild trauma or with no apparent cause. Multiple fractures are common, and in severe cases, can occur even before birth. Milder cases may involve only a few fractures over a person's lifetime.

There are at least 19 recognized forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, designated type I through type XIX. Several types are distinguished by their signs and symptoms, although their characteristic features overlap. Increasingly, genetic causes are used to define rarer forms of osteogenesis imperfecta. Type I (also known as classic non-deforming osteogenesis imperfecta with blue sclerae) is the mildest form of osteogenesis imperfecta. Type II (also known as perinatally lethal osteogenesis imperfecta) is the most severe. Other types of this condition, including types III (progressively deforming osteogenesis imperfecta) and IV (common variable osteogenesis imperfecta with normal sclerae), have signs and symptoms that fall somewhere between these two extremes.

The milder forms of osteogenesis imperfecta, including type I, are characterized by bone fractures during childhood and adolescence that often result from minor trauma, such as falling while learning to walk. Fractures occur less frequently in adulthood. People with mild forms of the condition typically have a blue or grey tint to the part of the eye that is usually white (the sclera), and about half develop hearing loss in adulthood. Unlike more severely affected individuals, people with type I are usually of normal or near normal height.  https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/osteogenesis-imperfecta

Clinical features

From HPO
Nephrolithiasis
MedGen UID:
98227
Concept ID:
C0392525
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of calculi (stones) in the kidneys.
Micromelia
MedGen UID:
10031
Concept ID:
C0025995
Congenital Abnormality
The presence of abnormally small extremities.
Short femur
MedGen UID:
87499
Concept ID:
C0345375
Congenital Abnormality
An abnormal shortening of the femur.
Genu valgum
MedGen UID:
154364
Concept ID:
C0576093
Anatomical Abnormality
The legs angle inward, such that the knees are close together and the ankles far apart.
Tibial bowing
MedGen UID:
332360
Concept ID:
C1837081
Finding
A bending or abnormal curvature of the tibia.
Rhizomelia
MedGen UID:
357122
Concept ID:
C1866730
Congenital Abnormality
Disproportionate shortening of the proximal segment of limbs (i.e. the femur and humerus).
Fibular bowing
MedGen UID:
869374
Concept ID:
C4023801
Anatomical Abnormality
A bending or abnormal curvature of the fibula.
Short stature
MedGen UID:
87607
Concept ID:
C0349588
Finding
A height below that which is expected according to age and gender norms. Although there is no universally accepted definition of short stature, many refer to "short stature" as height more than 2 standard deviations below the mean for age and gender (or below the 3rd percentile for age and gender dependent norms).
Congenital hypertrophic pyloric stenosis
MedGen UID:
196010
Concept ID:
C0700639
Congenital Abnormality
Pyloric stenosis, also known as infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis, is an uncommon condition in infants characterized by abnormal thickening of the pylorus muscles in the stomach leading to gastric outlet obstruction. Clinically infants are well at birth. Then, at 3 to 6 weeks of age, the infants present with projectile vomiting, potentially leading to dehydration and weight loss.
Abnormally high-pitched voice
MedGen UID:
66836
Concept ID:
C0241703
Finding
A persistent (minutes to hours) abnormal increase in the pitch (frequency) of the voice for the context or social situation or significantly different from baseline of the individual.
Persistent head lag
MedGen UID:
256151
Concept ID:
C1141883
Finding
The Premie-Neuro and the Dubowitz Neurological Examination score head lag in the same manner. Scoring for both is as follows
Dentinogenesis imperfecta
MedGen UID:
8313
Concept ID:
C0011436
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental dysplasia of dentin.
Inguinal hernia
MedGen UID:
6817
Concept ID:
C0019294
Finding
Protrusion of the contents of the abdominal cavity through the inguinal canal.
Micrognathia
MedGen UID:
44428
Concept ID:
C0025990
Congenital Abnormality
Developmental hypoplasia of the mandible.
Osteopenia
MedGen UID:
18222
Concept ID:
C0029453
Disease or Syndrome
Osteopenia is a term to define bone density that is not normal but also not as low as osteoporosis. By definition from the World Health Organization osteopenia is defined by bone densitometry as a T score -1 to -2.5.
Scoliosis
MedGen UID:
11348
Concept ID:
C0036439
Disease or Syndrome
The presence of an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine.
Vertebral compression fracture
MedGen UID:
75497
Concept ID:
C0262431
Finding
Multiple rib fractures
MedGen UID:
75784
Concept ID:
C0272567
Injury or Poisoning
More than one fracture of the ribs. Callus formation around multiple rib fractures can produce a row of multiple rounded expansions (beadlike prominences) giving the appearance of beaded ribs. Note that rachitic rosary would have one bead per rib (a swelling at the costochondral junction), while beaded ribs in the context of multiple rib fractures have multiple beads (fractures) along the same rib.
Narrow chest
MedGen UID:
96528
Concept ID:
C0426790
Finding
Reduced width of the chest from side to side, associated with a reduced distance from the sternal notch to the tip of the shoulder.
Thin ribs
MedGen UID:
98095
Concept ID:
C0426818
Finding
Ribs with a reduced diameter.
Thin bony cortex
MedGen UID:
318844
Concept ID:
C1833325
Finding
Abnormal thinning of the cortical region of bones.
Decreased calvarial ossification
MedGen UID:
322270
Concept ID:
C1833762
Finding
Abnormal reduction in ossification of the calvaria (roof of the skull consisting of the frontal bone, parietal bones, temporal bones, and occipital bone).
Generalized joint hypermobility
MedGen UID:
322888
Concept ID:
C1836308
Finding
Joint hypermobility (ability of a joint to move beyond its normal range of motion) affecting many or all joints of the body. In individuals with Joint hypermobility at multiple sites (usually five or more), the term generalized joint hypermobility is preferred.
Thoracic hypoplasia
MedGen UID:
373339
Concept ID:
C1837482
Congenital Abnormality
Platyspondyly
MedGen UID:
335010
Concept ID:
C1844704
Finding
A flattened vertebral body shape with reduced distance between the vertebral endplates.
Joint hypermobility
MedGen UID:
336793
Concept ID:
C1844820
Finding
The capability that a joint (or a group of joints) has to move, passively and/or actively, beyond normal limits along physiological axes.
Broad ribs
MedGen UID:
336390
Concept ID:
C1848654
Finding
Increased width of ribs
Relative macrocephaly
MedGen UID:
338607
Concept ID:
C1849075
Congenital Abnormality
A relatively mild degree of macrocephaly in which the head circumference is not above two standard deviations from the mean, but appears dysproportionately large when other factors such as body stature are taken into account.
Bowing of the long bones
MedGen UID:
340849
Concept ID:
C1855340
Congenital Abnormality
A bending or abnormal curvature of a long bone.
Thoracic scoliosis
MedGen UID:
387910
Concept ID:
C1857790
Anatomical Abnormality
Malar flattening
MedGen UID:
347616
Concept ID:
C1858085
Finding
Underdevelopment of the malar prominence of the jugal bone (zygomatic bone in mammals), appreciated in profile, frontal view, and/or by palpation.
Generalized hypotonia
MedGen UID:
346841
Concept ID:
C1858120
Finding
Generalized muscular hypotonia (abnormally low muscle tone).
Shallow orbits
MedGen UID:
351328
Concept ID:
C1865244
Finding
Reduced depth of the orbits associated with prominent-appearing ocular globes.
Respiratory distress
MedGen UID:
96907
Concept ID:
C0476273
Sign or Symptom
Respiratory distress is objectively observable as the physical or emotional consequences from the experience of dyspnea. The physical presentation of respiratory distress is generally referred to as labored breathing, while the sensation of respiratory distress is called shortness of breath or dyspnea.
Recurrent pneumonia
MedGen UID:
195802
Concept ID:
C0694550
Disease or Syndrome
An increased susceptibility to pneumonia as manifested by a history of recurrent episodes of pneumonia.
Chronic lung disease
MedGen UID:
196656
Concept ID:
C0746102
Disease or Syndrome
According to the definitions of the American and British Thoracic Societies, including pulmonary functional tests, X-rays, and CT scans for items such as fibrosis, bronchiectasis, bullae, emphysema, nodular or lymphomatous abnormalities.
High forehead
MedGen UID:
65991
Concept ID:
C0239676
Finding
An abnormally increased height of the forehead.
Triangular face
MedGen UID:
324383
Concept ID:
C1835884
Finding
Facial contour, as viewed from the front, triangular in shape, with breadth at the temples and tapering to a narrow chin.
Prominent forehead
MedGen UID:
373291
Concept ID:
C1837260
Finding
Forward prominence of the entire forehead, due to protrusion of the frontal bone.
Narrow forehead
MedGen UID:
326956
Concept ID:
C1839758
Finding
Width of the forehead or distance between the frontotemporales is more than two standard deviations below the mean (objective); or apparently narrow intertemporal region (subjective).
Midface retrusion
MedGen UID:
339938
Concept ID:
C1853242
Anatomical Abnormality
Posterior positions and/or vertical shortening of the infraorbital and perialar regions, or increased concavity of the face and/or reduced nasolabial angle.
Blue sclerae
MedGen UID:
154236
Concept ID:
C0542514
Finding
An abnormal bluish coloration of the sclera.

Professional guidelines

PubMed

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Trejo P, Rauch F
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Recent clinical studies

Etiology

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Diagnosis

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Forlino A, Marini JC
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Arundel P, Bishop N
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Therapy

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Forlino A, Marini JC
Lancet 2016 Apr 16;387(10028):1657-71. Epub 2015 Nov 3 doi: 10.1016/S0140-6736(15)00728-X. PMID: 26542481Free PMC Article
Arundel P, Bishop N
Endocr Dev 2015;28:162-175. Epub 2015 Jun 12 doi: 10.1159/000381037. PMID: 26138841
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Prognosis

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Smith R, Athanasou NA, Ostlere SJ, Vipond SE
QJM 1995 Dec;88(12):865-78. PMID: 8593546

Clinical prediction guides

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Am J Med Genet C Semin Med Genet 2023 Jun;193(2):147-159. Epub 2023 Mar 9 doi: 10.1002/ajmg.c.32038. PMID: 36896471
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Folkestad L
Dan Med J 2018 Apr;65(4) PMID: 29619932
Trejo P, Palomo T, Montpetit K, Fassier F, Sato A, Glorieux FH, Rauch F
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Recent systematic reviews

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